Book Review: Neil Lawrence

 

The Connection of Trust and Technology: Insights from Neil D. Lawrence's The Atomic Human

by John Fisher

In Chapter 12 of The Atomic Human, titled "Trust," Neil D. Lawrence delves into the intricate dynamics between humans and artificial intelligence (AI), using evocative metaphors and historical context to illuminate the challenges of coexistence with increasingly human-analogous machines. Drawing parallels between artificial intelligence and artificial plants, Lawrence explores the limits of AI’s capacity to replicate human intelligence and the implications of entrusting machines with decision-making responsibilities. This article unpacks Lawrence's exploration of trust in human-machine relationships, examining the promises and perils of our technological future.

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The Artificial and the Real

Lawrence opens with a vivid analogy, likening artificial intelligence to a fake plastic plant. Just as artificial plants mimic the appearance of real plants but lack their growth, scent, and environmental responsiveness, AI emulates certain human capabilities without embodying the full spectrum of human experience. Despite their impressive achievements—such as generating language, identifying patterns, and even creating art—AI systems, or Human-Analogue Machines (HAMs), are ultimately a reflection of our knowledge, not a replacement for it.

The essence of human intelligence is deeply rooted in our evolutionary journey and our ability to respond instinctively to our environment. Machines, Lawrence argues, lack this fundamental integration. While AI can process vast amounts of data to emulate decision-making, it misses the multisensory reflexes and nuanced judgments that define human cognition. This distinction underscores the limitations of trusting machines with roles that demand empathy, contextual understanding, and social responsibility.

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Trust and Accountability in a Digital Age

Lawrence emphasizes that trust cannot be placed in processes or systems devoid of social stakes. Machines, no matter how advanced, lack the emotional and societal obligations that underpin human accountability. Drawing from the philosopher Baroness Onora O'Neill, he argues that intelligent accountability depends on shared vulnerabilities and responsibilities—qualities absent in machines.

The growing use of AI in decision-making introduces complex ethical dilemmas. Automated systems, like those used in judicial processes or social media algorithms, often operate without transparency or oversight. When these systems fail—whether by spreading misinformation or making flawed decisions—the consequences fall disproportionately on individuals, raising critical questions about the power dynamics between humans and machines.

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Lessons from History and Literature

Lawrence masterfully weaves historical and literary references into his exploration of trust in technology. From the ancient Babylonian trial of Siyatu, where divine intervention was sought through trial by ordeal, to Goethe’s The Sorcerer’s Apprentice, where an enchanted broom spirals out of control, these narratives reflect the enduring challenges of delegating control to systems beyond human comprehension.

Modern parallels, such as the Horizon scandal in the UK, highlight the dangers of unchecked technological deployment. When systems become too complex for their creators to fully understand, errors and injustices can proliferate, often at great human cost.

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Balancing Innovation and Responsibility

Despite the risks, Lawrence acknowledges the potential of AI to benefit society when responsibly integrated. He envisions a future where machines support, rather than replace, human decision-making. This requires careful curation of the human-machine interface, ensuring that AI complements human intelligence without undermining it.

Regulating the power asymmetries inherent in digital ecosystems is a critical step. Lawrence advocates for collective data rights and accountability mechanisms to prevent exploitation and manipulation. By fostering transparency and ethical standards, society can harness AI’s capabilities while safeguarding human dignity and autonomy.

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Conclusion

In "Trust," Neil D. Lawrence challenges readers to critically assess the role of AI in our lives. While AI offers remarkable tools for introspection and innovation, it also poses significant risks to individual freedoms and societal cohesion. Trusting machines requires a nuanced understanding of their limitations and a commitment to preserving human agency.

As we stand on the cusp of a new era of human-machine interaction, Lawrence’s insights remind us of the need for vigilance, responsibility, and a shared vision for the future. By approaching AI as a tool rather than a substitute for human intelligence, we can navigate this transformative age with wisdom and integrity, ensuring that technology serves humanity rather than the other way around.

Questions to ponder

1. How does Neil D. Lawrence's analogy of artificial intelligence as a "fake plastic plant" help us understand the limitations of AI in replicating human intelligence?
2. What are the ethical implications of entrusting AI with decision-making roles, particularly in high-stakes situations like healthcare, judiciary, or warfare?
3. In what ways can society address the power asymmetries between large tech corporations and individuals, as discussed by Lawrence?
4. How can the principles of "intelligent accountability" be implemented to ensure AI systems remain tools rather than decision-makers?
5. What lessons can we draw from historical and literary examples, such as The Sorcerer’s Apprentice, when considering the challenges of deploying advanced AI technologies?

AI was used in writing this article. 

Hashtags: #ArtificialIntelligence #TrustInTech #HumanMachineInteraction #TechEthics #AIAccountability

Book Review: The Atomic Human

The Sorcerer’s Apprentice in the Age of AI: Reflections from Neil D. Lawrence’s Epilogue in The Atomic Human

by John Fisher

In the rapidly evolving digital era, the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and societal values has become a defining issue of our time. In the epilogue of The Atomic Human, Neil D. Lawrence offers a profound exploration of this dynamic, drawing parallels between historical insights and contemporary challenges. Through his analysis, he underscores the urgent need for democratic societies to balance innovation with accountability, ensuring that technological advancements support—not undermine—the values of freedom, diversity, and collective agency.

Technology and the Open Society

Lawrence frames his reflections with two striking references: Disney’s Fantasia and Karl Popper’s The Open Society and Its Enemies. The iconic image of the sorcerer’s apprentice, whose overconfidence unleashes uncontrollable chaos, serves as a metaphor for the unintended consequences of AI and other powerful technologies. Lawrence argues that today’s tech leaders, much like the apprentice, have unleashed innovations they cannot fully control.

Popper’s philosophy, developed in the shadow of World War II, offers a compelling framework for understanding these challenges. He championed the principles of an “open society”—a flexible, democratic system built on collaboration, adaptability, and shared values. Popper warned against the dangers of centralized power and unchecked authority, advocating instead for societies guided by accountable institutions and practical problem-solving.

Big Tech and the Sorcerer’s Spell

Bringing Popper’s ideas into the 21st century, Lawrence critiques the role of big tech companies in reshaping the “open society.” He highlights the disruptive practices of social media platforms, particularly Facebook, whose ethos of “move fast and break things” epitomized a trial-and-error approach to innovation. This recklessness, Lawrence contends, has undermined societal institutions and eroded democratic safeguards.

One of his most vivid examples is Mark Zuckerberg’s 2019 plea for regulation, where the tech mogul acknowledged that Facebook’s influence had grown beyond his control. Lawrence likens this to the apprentice’s frantic attempt to stop the flood of consequences, emphasizing the need for greater foresight and responsibility in technological development.

The Perils of AI and Information Totalitarianism

Lawrence’s critique extends to the rise of AI, particularly generative systems like ChatGPT. He questions the vision of AI as a societal panacea, drawing unsettling parallels between this idealism and historical ideologies such as eugenics. These movements, often driven by the ambitions of “great men,” sought to engineer society in ways that ultimately led to oppression and totalitarianism.

In today’s context, Lawrence warns of “information totalitarianism,” where the monopolization of information flows by tech giants threatens democratic integrity. By controlling the channels through which people access knowledge and shape public discourse, these corporations risk creating an imbalance that privileges their interests over societal well-being.

Reclaiming the Open Society

Despite the bleak prospects, Lawrence offers a roadmap for reclaiming democratic agency in the face of technological dominance. He calls for a revival of Popper’s principles, urging governments, civic institutions, and communities to reassert their authority over the digital realm. Through collaboration, regulation, and a shared commitment to accountability, society can mitigate the risks posed by unchecked innovation.

This collective effort, Lawrence argues, is essential to preserving the values of the open society—freedom, pluralism, and adaptability—in an age of rapid technological change. He emphasizes that the future of democracy hinges on our ability to balance innovation with oversight, ensuring that technological progress serves humanity rather than dominating it.

Conclusion

Neil D. Lawrence’s epilogue in The Atomic Human offers both a cautionary tale and a call to action. By drawing on historical insights and contemporary examples, he illuminates the profound challenges posed by AI and big tech to democratic societies. Yet his vision is not one of despair but of possibility. Through renewed commitment to the principles of the open society, we can navigate the complexities of technological advancement, ensuring a future where innovation and accountability coexist to uphold the values that define us.

Discussion Points for Reflection

1. How does the metaphor of the sorcerer’s apprentice enhance our understanding of the unintended consequences of AI?
2. What steps can governments, civic institutions, and individuals take to counterbalance the influence of tech giants?
3. How might society prevent the monopolization of information and protect democratic discourse?
4. Does Karl Popper’s “open society” provide an effective framework for addressing the challenges posed by AI and big tech?

By engaging with these questions, we take the first steps toward shaping a future that aligns technological progress with the enduring principles of democracy and human dignity. 

Hashtags: #ArtificialIntelligence #OpenSociety #TechEthics #AIRegulation #DigitalDemocracy

This article was created with the assistance of AI. 

Election Integrity

The Importance of Open Debate and Civic Engagement in Defending Constitutional Principles

By John Fisher

Provo, Utah — At the Liberty Forum held on November 13, 2024, in the Provo Library, Robert Brown, a constitutional scholar and creator of the widely viewed video series The Constitution is the Solution, took to the podium to urge citizens to engage actively in defending and understanding the U.S. Constitution. Brown emphasized the value of open debate on constitutional principles, voicing his concerns about what he views as an alarming trend: reluctance by some leaders to engage in public discourse on key issues affecting constitutional governance.

In his speech, Brown made it clear that the Constitution belongs to "We the People," but he fears that its foundational principles are often overshadowed by partisan agendas. "The Constitution is not a tool for political gamesmanship," Brown said to a packed room of attendees. "It’s a framework that protects our freedoms, and it deserves our undivided commitment to open, honest interpretation."

A Call for Open Debate
Brown’s remarks were pointedly directed at those he sees as avoiding public discussions on efforts to change the Constitution with an Article V Constitutional Convention. "I’ve publicly invited figures like Mark Meckler to debate me on this topic, but they’ve refused," he shared, adding that even other booked debates fell through when his participation was announced. He noted that Michael Paris, a planned debate opponent, “backed out once he heard he was going to be debating me.”

For Brown, this hesitation is more than just disappointing; it reveals an unwillingness to allow alternative viewpoints to inform public understanding. "They want to push their views without the other side being presented," he said. Brown sees debate as a fundamental part of a healthy democratic process, stressing that an open exchange of ideas is essential for all citizens to make informed decisions. "Our government derives its powers from us—from the consent of the governed. Without informed citizens, this principle falls apart."

Educating and Mobilizing Local Communities
One of the core messages in Brown’s speech was the power of local engagement. He highlighted the role of precinct officers and local advocates in informing communities about constitutional issues. Brown himself spent over 20 years serving as a JBS coordinator across two states, advocating for constitutional principles. "It’s one thing to have people out there working in the community, but it’s another thing entirely to get a positive response," he said. "Nobody likes having the door slammed on them or facing hostility, but these are the side effects of promoting what’s right."

Brown acknowledged the challenges but was adamant that civic engagement at the grassroots level is the foundation of constitutional preservation. He recalled how his precinct members initially faced skepticism but eventually won support from those who began to see the value in their work. "When you’re working for what’s right, it can be tough, but it’s absolutely necessary. Building strong local networks and educating our neighbors about the Constitution is how we ensure that it remains protected."

The Value of Nonpartisan Constitutional Education
One concern Brown raised was that some constitutional education programs come with hidden agendas, which he believes can skew the understanding of fundamental constitutional principles. To address this, he recommends the Constitution course offered through the John Birch Society (JBS), which he believes provides a balanced and agenda-free approach. "If you really want to learn the Constitution, you need to study it without any strings attached," Brown argued. "That’s why I always suggest the JBS course—it’s a straightforward, in-depth look at the Constitution without an agenda."

Brown contrasted this with other courses that he believes may introduce partisan biases, which can lead to misunderstandings or selective interpretations of constitutional principles. "It’s not fair to yourself to take a course on the Constitution if it’s steering you in a specific direction that doesn’t serve a true understanding," he warned. He encouraged the Liberty Forum attendees to seek out unbiased resources to ensure they gain a solid, factual grounding in constitutional law.

Addressing Irregularities in the Electoral Process
Throughout his speech, Brown addressed several issues in Utah’s recent election process, pointing to data that raised concerns about voting integrity. Using data analyzed by the Utah County Clerk’s office, Brown presented an analysis showing what he considered unusual voting patterns, particularly among mail-in ballots. "These blue dots represent mail-in ballots, and you can see they completely shifted the race," he explained, referring to a visual display of the data. "When early mail-in ballots show an unusual pattern, it’s worth asking questions."

Brown’s biggest concern lay with “incomplete ballots”—ballots that only marked one or two races without completing the entire slate. In one race, he pointed out that around 6-7% of ballots only contained votes for the gubernatorial candidate, Spencer Cox, and omitted other races. "When you’re filling out thousands of ballots, you’re not going to take time to fill out the entire ballot," Brown theorized. "This is evidence of something happening outside of the normal election process." He suggested that such patterns could be linked to ballot harvesting, where ballots are filled in for certain races, possibly without voters’ knowledge or consent.

Brown also raised concerns about the reliability of Utah’s signature verification process, which he called "subjective." He cited statements from officials acknowledging that the process lacks a scientific standard. "When verification is left up to subjective interpretation, it leaves our election system vulnerable," Brown said, emphasizing the need for a more secure and consistent approach.

Building a "Team of 500" for Change
In his closing remarks, Brown introduced the idea of a "Team of 500," a group of engaged citizens who work together to educate others and hold elected officials accountable in each Congressional District. He encouraged those interested to join this effort by signing up for informational flyers and helping to distribute them within their communities. "If you’re willing to learn and share what you know, we can make a difference," he said. "Our legislators won’t act until they feel pressure from the people, and that means they need to hear from us directly."

The "Team of 500" initiative is designed to create a ripple effect of awareness and accountability. Each member of the team is encouraged to reach out to others, building a network of informed voters who are ready to ask questions and demand transparency. "If enough people understand what’s happening, we have a chance to restore some integrity to the process," Brown said. He believes that grassroots pressure can compel officials to take corrective action and realign their practices with constitutional values.

Conclusion
For Brown, preserving constitutional values is more than just a matter of personal interest; it is a civic duty that requires active participation and unwavering commitment. "Defending the Constitution isn’t just the job of those in office; it’s the responsibility of every single one of us," he concluded. Brown urged the attendees at the Liberty Forum to engage in civil debate, pursue nonpartisan education on constitutional issues, and work together to bring about change. "Whatever the results may be, I believe in miracles," he said. "But it’s our duty to do everything we can to preserve liberty, and then trust in divine providence to guide the outcome."

Keywords:
Constitutional debate, civic engagement, election integrity, U.S. Constitution, community advocacy

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SITUATIONAL CRISIS COMMUNICATION THEORY - Timothy Coombs

Summary of Situational Crisis Communication Theory by Timothy Coombs

Timothy Coombs, a professor at Eastern Illinois University, presents the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) as a framework developed to guide organizations in effectively managing communication during crises. He begins by addressing the common question of why research and theory are necessary in crisis communication, which many assume should be intuitive or guided by common sense. However, Coombs argues that the frequent mistakes made by organizations during crises demonstrate the need for evidence-based management rather than speculative advice.

The Importance of Evidence-Based Management Coombs emphasizes that evidence-based management is crucial in crisis communication. Theories and research provide tested and proven strategies that organizations can rely on during critical moments. He points out that crises are high-stakes situations where speculation can exacerbate problems. Over the past decade, Coombs has developed SCCT as part of this evidence-based approach, inspired by psychological research, specifically attribution theory.

Attribution Theory and Crisis Responsibility SCCT is rooted in attribution theory, which posits that stakeholders naturally try to make sense of a crisis by attributing responsibility. They assess whether an organization is directly responsible for a crisis or if it is due to external factors beyond the organization’s control. This attribution significantly influences how stakeholders perceive and react to the crisis. Coombs notes that when stakeholders attribute high responsibility to an organization, the organization’s reputation and stakeholder trust can suffer greatly.

Types of Crises To help organizations navigate crisis communication, SCCT categorizes crises into three main types:

1. Victim Crises: The organization is a victim of the crisis, bearing little to no responsibility. Examples include natural disasters or terrorist attacks.

2. Accidental Crises: The organization has minimal responsibility as external factors contribute to the crisis, such as equipment failures or unexpected accidents.

3. Preventable Crises: The organization is deemed fully responsible due to negligence or unethical behavior. Examples include management scandals or regulatory violations. This type is the most challenging for crisis management as it elicits the harshest stakeholder reactions.

Intensifying Factors SCCT also identifies two key intensifying factors that can increase perceived responsibility:

1. History of Crises: If an organization has faced prior crises, stakeholders may attribute more responsibility during a new crisis.

2. Prior Negative Reputation: Organizations with an existing negative reputation will face harsher judgment and higher attributed responsibility.

Crisis managers need to assess both the type of crisis and these intensifying factors to understand how much responsibility stakeholders may attribute to the organization.

Base Response Strategy Coombs outlines a foundational strategy for crisis communication that applies across all types of crises, emphasizing two main components:

1. Protecting Stakeholders Physically: Providing stakeholders with information that helps them prevent further harm. For example, during a chemical spill, communication might involve evacuation instructions or warnings against using contaminated products.

2. Helping Stakeholders Cope Psychologically: Addressing the emotional impact of the crisis. Coombs recommends expressing sympathy and demonstrating care for those affected, which can help stakeholders feel supported. Additionally, organizations should provide corrective information to reassure stakeholders that steps are being taken to prevent similar incidents in the future.

Escalating Response Based on Responsibility As the perceived responsibility for a crisis increases, the response from the organization must also become more accommodative. In low-responsibility situations, such as victim crises, the base response may suffice. However, in high-responsibility scenarios like preventable crises, organizations must take full responsibility, provide clear action plans, and show genuine efforts to support victims. The response should scale in proportion to the severity of the crisis and the attributed responsibility to avoid underreacting or overreacting.

Evidence-Based Recommendations Coombs stresses that relying on evidence-based research in crisis communication helps prevent reliance on untested advice. He notes that effective crisis communication involves well-researched strategies tailored to the type of crisis and the level of responsibility perceived by stakeholders. Managers must focus on solutions that have demonstrated success in similar situations to enhance their crisis response effectiveness.

Key Takeaways

• Theory and research are essential in crisis communication to prevent mistakes and ensure effective management.

• SCCT, inspired by attribution theory, focuses on crisis responsibility and stakeholder perceptions.

• Crises are categorized into three main types (victim, accidental, preventable) with different levels of perceived organizational responsibility.

• Intensifying factors such as a history of crises and prior negative reputation increase stakeholder attributions of responsibility.

• A base response strategy involves protecting stakeholders physically and helping them cope psychologically.

• Responses must escalate based on the level of responsibility; preventable crises require more accommodative and proactive measures.

• Evidence-based management enhances the effectiveness of crisis communication.

References 

Coombs, W. T. (2007). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. SAGE Publications. 

Coombs, W. T. (2012). The Handbook of Crisis Communication. Wiley-Blackwell. 

Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2010). Theoretical approaches to crisis communication. Routledge.

Agenda 2030

Impact of UN's "Agenda 2030" and Globalism on Americans' Freedom and Constitutional Rights

Jon Schrock on Impact of UN's Agenda 2030

By John Fisher

Jon Schrock, National Coordinator for the John Birch Society (JBS), recently presented an analysis linking environmental policies, state sovereignty, and individual freedoms within the context of the UN’s Agenda 2030. This global initiative aims to address poverty, climate change, and sustainable development at the same time taking away American sovereignty and freedoms. Schrock argues that the Agenda’s goals of urbanization and decarbonization risk reducing individual autonomy in the U.S. by imposing international policies that could shift land use away from agriculture and toward industrial-scale renewable energy projects.

Environmental Policies, Carbon Capture, and Agriculture

Schrock scrutinized the redirection of over 50 million acres from agriculture to renewable energy and carbon sequestration projects, particularly solar farms and carbon capture initiatives, under Agenda 2030. He pointed to the impact on agricultural states like Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa, which provide essential crops and livestock, warning that Agenda 2030’s sustainability goals will compromise food security. The UN’s emphasis on zero-carbon goals, he says, is pushing states toward large-scale renewable projects, often enforced through eminent domain and shifting rural land use toward what he calls “solar industrial parks.”

He also raised concerns about the use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in geological formations like Indiana’s Mount Simon Sandstone, where supercritical CO2 injections could create carbonic acid, potentially eroding sandstone and contaminating freshwater sources like the Tay’s River Aquifer. This, he argues, threatens both water resources and farmland, presenting an unintended consequence of sustainability initiatives under Agenda 2030.

Agenda 2030’s Urbanization and Land Use Goals

According to Schrock, Agenda 2030 advocates for “mass urbanization” and “sustainable cities,” which he interprets as a move toward compact, high-density housing—referred to as “15-minute cities”—that co-locate living, work, and amenities within close proximity. In Indiana, Schrock cited ongoing projects like the LEAP Project, which plans high-rise housing developments aimed at reducing carbon footprints by creating communities where residents can work and access essential services within minutes. Schrock expressed concern that this urbanization model may restrict individual housing choices and reduce farmland, impacting local economies.

Schrock also noted that such high-density housing plans require extensive water resources. The LEAP Project, for instance, requires 100 million gallons daily from Indiana’s Tay’s River Aquifer, which Schrock argues could deplete local resources, particularly as the project expands. He connected these developments to broader Agenda 2030 goals that he says prioritize sustainability over traditional lifestyles and potentially concentrate populations in urban centers, increasing dependence on government-controlled resources.

Foreign Ownership, Globalization, and National Sovereignty

Schrock pointed out another layer of complexity—foreign ownership of American agricultural land. He highlighted that foreign entities, including corporations linked to foreign governments, own significant portions of American farmland. In particular, he cited 2023 reports of acquisitions by Chinese entities in the Midwest. For Schrock, such acquisitions risk national sovereignty and food security, as foreign influence in agriculture could shift production priorities away from U.S. interests.

Connecting this to Agenda 2030, he argued that foreign-owned land within the U.S. could align with international sustainability goals, emphasizing exports over domestic food security. This, Schrock suggested, is a symptom of globalization encouraged by initiatives like Agenda 2030, potentially reducing U.S. control over its resources and aligning national policy with global agendas.

Constitutional Concerns: State Sovereignty and Federal Overreach

Schrock’s critique of Agenda 2030 is also rooted in constitutional principles, particularly the Tenth Amendment, which reserves powers to states that are not delegated to the federal government. He discussed Montana’s recent gun control nullification bill as an example of states pushing back against federal overreach, a trend he sees as necessary to counter global policies being integrated into U.S. law without proper legislative approval.

Agenda 2030’s goals for “clean energy” and “climate action,” he argued, have led to a complex regulatory environment in the U.S., where states are required to meet federal environmental standards not authorized by the Constitution. Schrock believes such mandates exceed federal authority, asserting that state governments should control environmental policies within their borders rather than adhering to international standards set by the United Nations.

Public Health Mandates and Election Integrity

Beyond environmental issues, Schrock addressed broader concerns related to public health mandates and election integrity. Reflecting on COVID-19 policies, he recalled how JBS had previously cautioned about potential mandates such as requiring vaccination cards that control shopping and restrict travel, which were initially dismissed but later implemented. He views such mandates as another example of government overreach, which he ties back to Agenda 2030’s emphasis on health and social equity.

Election integrity is another area of concern, as Schrock questions the transparency and accuracy of voter registration processes. He cited past JBS publications that anticipated voter fraud issues, suggesting that global pressures may influence national policies regarding election processes and data transparency. For Schrock, an informed electorate is essential to maintaining democratic integrity, and he advocates for voter education as a defense against both domestic and international influences on U.S. elections.

Educating and Engaging Citizens

Schrock’s presentation emphasized the importance of public awareness in countering the effects of Agenda 2030. He suggests that organizations like the John Birch Society are crucial for educating Americans about their rights and encouraging grassroots activism. To achieve this, JBS has established a coordinated network of field leaders who disseminate information and foster local engagement. Schrock argues that such education is essential to maintaining a free society, especially as policies from Agenda 2030 and similar initiatives continue to shape local and federal policies.

Conclusion: Preserving Constitutional Values Amid Global Change

Jon Schrock’s analysis calls for a balance between innovation and respect for foundational American principles. He argues that while sustainable development and environmental protection are important, they must not undermine constitutional rights or impose restrictive international policies that affect individual freedoms, state sovereignty, and local economies. Schrock concludes that Americans must remain vigilant and informed, advocating for policies that prioritize U.S. interests within the framework of the U.S. Constitution rather than yielding to the influence of global agendas like Agenda 2030.

By emphasizing transparency, education, and local empowerment, Schrock encourages Americans to consider the implications of global policies on national sovereignty and personal freedom, underscoring the importance of an engaged electorate in preserving the values that define the United States.

Hashtags: #Agenda2030 #SustainableDevelopment #StateRights #EnvironmentalPolicy #JohnBirchSociety

Free Speech

"Tucker Carlson: Something BIG is About to Happen!!"

What happens when a political figure faces relentless opposition yet remains a symbol of defiance? Tucker Carlson passionately argues that Donald Trump's return would be a victory not just for one man, but for the American spirit itself. In this powerful breakdown, Carlson details the unprecedented attacks on Trump, from indictments to media smear campaigns, and why a Trump victory would be a rejection of a political machine that has sought to silence and control the masses. He also highlights Elon Musk's role in preserving free speech, drawing connections between individual freedom and the larger political stakes at play in the upcoming election.

Current Issues

 

Navigating the Challenges of Disaster Coverage in the Digital Age

Image created by chatGPT

by John Fisher

In today’s fast-paced digital world, the way we consume and share information during disasters has changed drastically. Gone are the days when people relied solely on television or radio for updates during a crisis. With the rise of social media, anyone with a smartphone can become a reporter. But while this offers real-time information, it also brings challenges, especially when misinformation spreads as quickly as facts. How are we adapting to these new realities, and what are the current issues in disaster coverage that we need to address? Here are some of the current issues in media coverage of disasters proposed by students in a Public Information and Disasters class.

The Rise of Misinformation in Disaster Coverage One of the biggest issues in disaster coverage today is the spread of misinformation. During crises, people turn to social media for updates, but platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram can quickly become breeding grounds for rumors and false information. This was evident during the COVID-19 pandemic when false claims about the virus and safety measures circulated widely, confusing the public and complicating official responses. Misinformation can lead to panic, improper responses, and a lack of trust in authorities.

The Speed vs. Accuracy Dilemma Another challenge is the pressure to report information quickly, often at the expense of accuracy. In a 24-hour news cycle, media outlets race to be the first to report breaking news. Unfortunately, this rush often leads to the spread of incomplete or inaccurate information. This was especially clear during major natural disasters like hurricanes or wildfires, where initial reports were sometimes based on speculation rather than verified facts. The result? Public confusion and a greater burden on emergency services to correct false narratives.

The Role of Public Information Officers (PIOs) With misinformation and the pressure for speed, Public Information Officers (PIOs) have become more critical than ever. These individuals act as the link between emergency services and the public, ensuring that accurate information is shared in a timely manner. However, PIOs face their own set of challenges, particularly in coordinating messages across sectors. Conflicting reports between government agencies, private companies, and local organizations can lead to confusion and distrust, making it harder for communities to respond effectively.

The Polarization of Media Coverage Disaster coverage has also become increasingly polarized. In some cases, media outlets tailor their reporting based on the political affiliations of their audience, particularly when it comes to issues like climate change. This bias can affect how information is presented, causing divisions in public perception. For example, extreme weather events linked to climate change may be reported differently on conservative versus liberal media outlets, leading to varied responses from different groups.

Media Literacy and Public Education One solution to the challenges in disaster coverage is improving media literacy. If the public is better equipped to identify credible sources and verify the information they receive, the impact of misinformation can be reduced. Governments, schools, and media organizations must collaborate to teach media literacy, enabling individuals to critically assess the information they encounter, particularly during a disaster.

Conclusion: Disaster coverage is more complex than ever before. As we navigate the digital landscape, it’s important to recognize the challenges of misinformation, the race for speed, and the role of public information officers. By focusing on transparency, media literacy, and collaboration across sectors, we can ensure that disaster coverage serves its primary purpose: keeping the public informed, safe, and prepared.

References:

• Almotawa, T., & Aljabri, D. (2020). Role of social media in creating awareness during COVID-19 pandemic. ICEB 2020 Proceedings (Hong Kong, SAR China), 14. Retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/iceb2020/14

• Al-Saggaf, Y., & Simmons, P. (2015). Social media in disaster management: Cautionary tales from Australian and New Zealand emergencies. Pacific Journalism Review, 21(1), 51-66. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v21i1.121

• Austin, L., Fisher Liu, B., & Jin, Y. (2019). How audiences seek out crisis information: Exploring the social-mediated crisis communication model. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 40(2), 188-207.

• Bolstad, P., & Victor, D. (2024, July 24). The growing divide in media coverage of climate change. Brookings. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-growing-divide-in-media-coverage-of-climate-change/

• Cinelli, M., Quattrociocchi, W., Galeazzi, A., et al. (2020). The COVID-19 social media infodemic. Scientific Reports, 10, 16598. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73510-5

• Fearn-Banks, K. (2016). Crisis communications: A casebook approach. Routledge.

• Maron, D. F. (2020). Misinformation on social media is a serious threat to public health. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/misinformation-on-social-media-is-a-serious-threat-to-public-health

• Mangones, A. (2024, March 15). Social Media in disasters. PrepareCenter. Retrieved from https://preparecenter.org/topic/social-media-disasters

• Purohit, H., & Chan, J. (2018). Social media for public information and warning in disasters: Connecting research and practice. Computers in Human Behavior, 89, 1-4. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.031

• Red Cross Canada. (2023, May 17). Why misinformation is dangerous, especially during disasters. Retrieved from https://www.redcross.ca/blog/2023/5/why-misinformation-is-dangerous-especially-during-disasters

• Reynolds, B., & Seeger, M. W. (2005). Crisis and emergency risk communication as an integrative model. Journal of Health Communication, 10(1), 43-55.

• Seeger, M. W., Sellnow, T. L., & Ulmer, R. R. (2018). Communication in times of crisis: Theories, strategies, and risks. Wiley.

• U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation. (2024). Cross-Sector Communications Response and Challenges in Times of Crisis. Panel Discussion Interview. Retrieved from https://www.uschamberfoundation.org/disasters/cross-sector-communications-responses-and-challenges-in-times-of-crisis

Media Relations

Local vs. National Media: How Disaster Coverage Shapes Public Perception

Photo credit: flickr commons - So Cal Metro

by John R. Fisher, PhD

The way news media covers disaster events can significantly shape public perception and influence how communities respond. Whether it’s a wildfire in California, a hurricane along the Gulf Coast, or a global pandemic, both local and national media play distinct roles in informing and guiding the public. Local news outlets often focus on providing timely, community-specific information such as evacuation orders, road closures, and safety measures. In contrast, national media tend to present a broader picture, linking individual events to larger themes like climate change or federal policy. Understanding these differences is crucial for emergency responders, Public Information Officers (PIOs), and the public in order to navigate through crises effectively.

For this article, I analyzed discussion posts from emergency management students studying media relations and the impact in disaster response. The discussion posts analyzed provide a detailed examination of how national and local media cover disaster events differently. Three primary themes emerge from the discussion:

1. Audience Focus and Information Relevance

   A prominent theme is the differing focus on audience needs between local and national media. Local media are portrayed as prioritizing actionable and community-specific information, such as evacuation orders, road closures, and safety updates. For example, one post about California wildfire coverage explains that local outlets like the Orange County Register provide real-time updates to residents, including precise locations affected and safety precautions (OC Register Staff, 2024). In contrast, national outlets like CNN offer a "30,000-foot view" of the incident, highlighting broader issues such as the economic impact and climate change implications (Boyette, 2024). This broader coverage often lacks the detailed information that directly affects residents.

2. Trust and Perceived Credibility

   Another recurring theme is the impact of local vs. national coverage on public trust and credibility, particularly in highly sensitive disaster events. During the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, for example, national media in Japan was criticized for aligning with the government’s narrative, which led to a loss of trust among the local population (Meissner, 2018). In contrast, local outlets took a more investigative approach, providing the affected communities with more transparent and relevant information, resulting in higher trust from local audiences. This aligns with findings in U.S. disaster scenarios, where residents often prefer local news for immediate, reliable updates.

3. Framing and Agenda Setting

   The framing of disaster coverage is a key theme, with national media often linking events to larger narratives, such as federal response, economic cost, and broader policy issues. For instance, national coverage of wildfires in California focused on the broader impacts across multiple states and tied the incidents to climate change (Boyette, 2024). In contrast, local media remained focused on immediate concerns, such as shelter locations and the status of local emergency response efforts. Similarly, the differing coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted how state media focused on regional safety measures and local statistics, while federal media painted a national picture, emphasizing comparative international data and vaccine distribution (Erwin et al., 2021).

Implications for Emergency Services and Public Communication

The differences in coverage have direct implications for emergency services and their public communication strategies. Local media serve as a vital partner for Public Information Officers (PIOs) in disseminating community-specific updates, while national media can amplify the scale of an event and attract broader attention and resources. However, the rise of social media introduces both opportunities and challenges, as highlighted in posts discussing wildfire coverage and social media’s role in rapid information dissemination (Moravec, 2021).

Emergency services need to be aware of how these different media platforms influence public perception and action, tailoring their communication strategies accordingly. Engaging local outlets for immediate updates and leveraging national media for broader narratives can ensure that accurate information reaches both local communities and wider audiences.

Conclusion:
Ultimately, both local and national media have unique strengths that contribute to effective disaster coverage. Local outlets excel in delivering immediate, actionable information relevant to community safety, making them indispensable during emergencies. On the other hand, national media bring widespread attention to large-scale impacts and long-term implications, which can attract broader support and resources. For those directly impacted, local coverage is typically more beneficial. However, national media’s role in amplifying the scale of an event remains essential for shaping national discourse and policy. By combining both types of coverage, communities can stay informed and prepared, ensuring that critical information reaches every level of society.

References

Boyette, C. (2024, September 11). Bridge, Line, Airport, and Davis fires grow in California and Nevada, displacing thousands. CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/09/us/wildfires-spread-california-nevada-monday/index.html.

Erwin, P. C., Mucheck, K. W., & Brownson, R. C. (2021, April). Different responses to COVID-19 in four US states: Washington, New York, Missouri, and Alabama. American Journal of Public Health. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7958009/.

Meissner, F. (2018, January 17). Voices from the disaster area: Local and regional media in Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures after ‘3.11’. Taylor and Francis Online. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18692729.2018.1423761.

Moravec, P., Yan, L., & Twyman, M. (2021, March 21). Wildfire Response Operations: Intentional Fear Reduction through Social Media Updates. Kelley School of Business. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3806611.

OC Register Staff. (2024, September 15). Bridge fire map shows more than 50 homes and structures damaged or destroyed. Orange County Register. Retrieved from https://www.ocregister.com/2024/09/15/bridge-fire-map-shows-more-than-50-homes-and-structures-damaged-or-destroyed/.

This article was written with the assistance of chatGPT.

#DisasterResponse #MediaCoverage #LocalNews #NationalNews #PublicPerception

Citizen Journalists

 

Growing Trend of Citizens Reporting the News

image from chatGPT

by John Fisher, PhD

Citizen reporters, also known as citizen journalists, have become a powerful force in coverage of the news. Equipped with smartphones, social media accounts, and personal blogs, these everyday individuals now play a vital role in gathering, reporting, analyzing, and sharing news. Though not formally trained as professional journalists, their contributions have reshaped the way we consume information. Here’s a closer look at the key roles citizen journalists play in today’s news ecosystem, along with examples of their impact.

Individual Reporting

Citizen reporters often act independently, creating and sharing their own stories without the need for established news organizations. Using platforms like Twitter, Facebook, or personal blogs, they offer opinions and firsthand accounts of events happening in their communities or even across the globe. This direct form of reporting allows for unfiltered perspectives, often offering fresh angles that traditional news outlets may overlook.

For example, during the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests in the U.S., many citizen journalists used Twitter and Instagram to post live updates, photos, and videos from the ground, providing real-time coverage that major news organizations could not immediately capture. This gave people around the world instant access to eyewitness accounts, making these citizen reporters crucial in shaping the narrative.

Collaboration With News Organizations

While many citizen journalists work independently, some collaborate with professional news organizations. They may offer news tips, eyewitness accounts, or even live reports through platforms like Periscope or Instagram Live. In some cases, citizen reporters will add value to an existing news story by offering context or commentary, while others may serve as local correspondents for events where professional journalists are not present.

During the Syrian civil war, for instance, many citizen reporters shared firsthand footage and information from war-torn areas that were inaccessible to international journalists. Major news outlets like BBC and CNN often sourced this content, verifying its authenticity and including it in their coverage, thereby enhancing their reporting of the conflict.

Crowdsourcing News

Citizen journalism often thrives through crowdsourcing, where news stories are built from contributions by multiple individuals. In these cases, journalists collect videos, photos, and reports from numerous citizen reporters, fact-check the material, and then publish it as part of a larger story. This method helps ensure that diverse perspectives are represented, especially in situations where professional journalists cannot be present everywhere at once.

A prime example of this is how news outlets covered the 2015 Nepal earthquake. Thousands of social media posts, photos, and videos from people on the ground helped shape the global understanding of the disaster’s magnitude and the immediate needs of those affected. Major outlets like The Guardian and Al Jazeera used these contributions to provide a more comprehensive view of the unfolding crisis.

How Professional Journalists Use Citizen Reporters

1. Eyewitness Accounts: One of the most valuable aspects of citizen journalism is the ability to provide real-time, eyewitness accounts of events. Whether it’s a local protest, a natural disaster, or an unexpected political event, citizen reporters often offer raw, immediate coverage, allowing for a more dynamic view of current events. This was notably evident during the 2019 Hong Kong protests, where citizen journalists played a crucial role in documenting police actions, protest movements, and public sentiment, often livestreaming from the streets.

2. Filling Information Gaps: Citizen journalists can help fill gaps in traditional news coverage by offering localized insights or additional details that professional reporters may not have. For instance, during the 2018 California wildfires, local citizens posted on social media about road closures, missing persons, and evacuation routes, providing critical information that helped communities stay informed before news crews arrived.

3. Collaborative Reporting: Many news organizations have recognized the value of collaborative reporting with citizen journalists. Some outlets invite public participation by allowing readers to comment on stories, while others create databases of citizen reporters who can contribute to future news stories. This interaction between professional journalists and the public creates a richer, more inclusive news environment.

For example, The New York Times has often encouraged readers to submit their stories and photos during major weather events like hurricanes or snowstorms. These contributions offer broader geographic coverage and provide more personal accounts, making the overall reporting more comprehensive and relatable.

Challenges and Credibility Concerns

Despite the many advantages of citizen journalism, it does face criticism—especially regarding credibility and objectivity. Without formal training, some citizen journalists may lack the skills required to fact-check information or remain unbiased in their reporting. Additionally, in the rush to share breaking news, there is the risk of spreading misinformation.

A notable instance of this occurred during the Boston Marathon bombing in 2013. In the immediate aftermath, social media was flooded with reports, some of which falsely identified suspects. While professional journalists worked to verify facts, the misinformation spread by some citizen reporters added confusion to an already chaotic situation.

While these credibility concerns are valid, it’s important to note that citizen journalists often provide critical, on-the-ground perspectives that professional journalists cannot. The key to harnessing the potential of citizen journalism is ensuring that their contributions are fact-checked and integrated responsibly into larger news narratives.

Conclusion

Citizen reporters have reshaped the modern news coverage, offering invaluable contributions through independent reporting, collaboration with news organizations, and crowdsourcing. Whether by filling information gaps or providing real-time eyewitness accounts, they offer fresh perspectives that enrich the news we consume. However, as the lines between professional and citizen journalism continue to blur, it’s crucial to maintain a balance between speed and accuracy, ensuring that all contributions to the news landscape are credible and trustworthy. While not without challenges, citizen journalism’s influence will undoubtedly continue to grow, providing a more inclusive, real-time view of the world.

Source: Conversation with Copilot, 9/20/2024 

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X and News Gathering

 

How the News Media Use X to Gather and Report News

image created by chatGPT

by John Fisher, PhD

In the fast-evolving world of social media, X (formerly known as Twitter) stands out as a crucial tool for news organizations. With its unique blend of real-time updates, massive user base, and rapid news-sharing capabilities, X has become more than just a platform for conversation—it’s a go-to destination for both newsgathering and reporting. Here’s how news media use X to stay ahead of the curve:

A Hub for News Consumption

X is widely regarded as more of a news destination than most other social media platforms. Many of its users in the United States log on specifically to get the latest updates. According to a Pew Research study, a significant number of X users cite news consumption as one of the key reasons they use the platform. Unlike Instagram or TikTok, where entertainment and lifestyle content dominate, X provides a consistent stream of news updates, making it the ideal platform for staying informed.

Types of News Content

X offers a wide range of news-related content. From opinions on current events to humorous takes on trending topics, users can access a variety of perspectives on the day’s most important stories. One of the platform’s standout features is its ability to deliver real-time information on breaking news as it happens. Whether it’s live-tweeting from a political rally or sharing updates during a natural disaster, X allows users and journalists alike to keep up with events as they unfold.

For example, during the 2021 Capitol riots in Washington, D.C., journalists, politicians, and regular citizens used X to report the chaos in real-time. Within minutes, photos, videos, and updates flooded the platform, providing immediate insight into the unfolding crisis.

A Direct Line to Reliable Sources

While many social media platforms blur the line between news from verified outlets and personal updates from friends or influencers, X stands out in its emphasis on journalistic sources. A majority of Americans who regularly get their news from X are more likely to follow news outlets and journalists than they are to rely on advocacy groups, influencers, or friends and family for updates. This makes X a powerful tool for credible, up-to-the-minute reporting.

For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, health experts, journalists, and news outlets used X to share daily updates on case numbers, government policies, and health advice. The ease of sharing and re-sharing information made it possible for accurate, verified news to reach millions of people instantly.

Breaking News Advantage

One of X’s biggest strengths is its reputation for breaking news. X users are more likely than those on other platforms, like Facebook or TikTok, to encounter breaking news in real-time. Whether it's natural disasters, major political announcements, or celebrity news, the platform’s real-time nature allows users to see updates the moment they happen.

Take the case of the 2015 Paris terror attacks, where news and updates spread rapidly on X even before major news outlets had full reports. Journalists and citizens on the ground were able to share critical updates in real-time, providing a raw, immediate view of the events.

Is X the #1 Source for News?

While X holds a strong position as a primary source for news, especially in breaking news scenarios, its claim as the "number 1" social media source for news comes with some nuances. A 2023 study showed that 53% of X users regularly get news from the platform, making it one of the top sources of news across social media platforms. However, X's user base, with 500 million monthly active users and 245 million daily active users, is still smaller than platforms like Facebook or Instagram.

Additionally, most X users are not exclusive to the platform—99.9% of X users also use other social media platforms to get their news, according to DataReportal’s 2023 data. This suggests that while X plays a key role in news consumption, many users also rely on other platforms to stay informed.

Conclusion

X’s impact on news media cannot be understated. As a primary source for breaking news, real-time updates, and credible journalism, it remains a leading platform in the world of news consumption. Whether it will continue to hold the top spot as the number one social media source for news is still up for debate, but its influence and ability to shape the news cycle are undeniable. As the media landscape continues to evolve, X will likely remain a cornerstone for both journalists and news consumers alike.

Source: Conversation with Copilot, 9/20/2024 

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